Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1 What makes a good presentation?

1 Thanking the chairperson

2 Opening comments

3 Thanking the organizers

4 Starting a presentation

5 Showing the contents of your presentation

6 Explaining the parts of your presentation

7 Starting the main part of the presentation

1 Starting a section

2 Emphasizing important information within a section

3 Giving mini-summaries at the end of sections

4 Concluding a section

5 Moving on to a new section

6 Forward movement

7 Referring back

8 Skipping information

9 Explaining more simply

10 Repeating information

11 Using questions to focus on important information in a section

12 Introducing a technical term

13 Defining a technical term

14 Contrasting known/accepted and new information

15 Introducing graphics（Step 1）

16 Talking about data shown in graphics（Step 2）

17 Focusing on important information in graphics

18 Describing an apparatus/machine/experimental set up

19 Using questions to focus on a topic or point

20 Correcting yourself

1 Starting a conclusion

2 Introducing the main points of your conclusion

3 Degrees of certainty

4 Finishing a conclusion

5 Acknowledgments

6 Inviting questions when there is no chairperson present

7 Advice for effective conclusions

1 Asking for repetition

2 Asking for clarification(1)Getting the questioner to rephrase a question

3 Asking for clarification(2)Getting the questioner to define a question

4 Asking for clarification(3)Getting the questioner to be specific

5 Fielding a question

6 Giving a general answer

7 Giving a tentative answer

8 Avoiding a question

9 Handling unrelated questions

10 Asking someone to contact you later

11 Handling multiple questions

12 Asking the questioner to repeat a question that you have forgotten

13 Introducing your answer to each question

14 Handling a question you cannot answer

15 Checking the questioner understands your answer

16 Showing you have finished an answer

17 How to prepare for questions

1 Formal comments

2 Informal comments

3 Comments that put forward an alternative explanation

4 Comments that bring in other data/work

5 Comments that are in general agreement but suggest an alternative

6 Comments that ask for a general answer/comment on a topic/point

7 Fielding a comment

8 Accepting an alternative point of view

9 Correcting someone who has misunderstood your data

10 Arguing against an alternative point of view

11 Generalizing

1 Asking simple questions

2 Getting more information

3 Referring to specific information

4 Making comparisons

5 Asking for a general comment

6 Stating your own opinion and asking for a comment

7 Repairing communication breakdown

Presentation evaluation checklist

1 Making contact with and greeting visitors to your poster

2 Finding out about your visitors

3 Giving a general idea of the contents of the poster

4 Giving an outline of the research

5 Inviting questions at any time during your explanation

6 Stating objectives

7 Giving an overview of the main points of the poster

8 Introducing graphics

9 Giving mini-summaries at the end of sections

10 Skipping information

11 Moving on to the next part of the poster

12 Repeating information

13 Concluding your poster presentation

14 Introducing the main points of your conclusion

15 Finishing your poster presentation

16 Inviting questions

17 Fielding questions

18 Dealing with difficult questions

19 Giving a general answer

20 Correcting someone who misunderstands your data

21 Welcoming newcomers to your poster

22 Thanking someone for visiting your poster

23 Giving contact details

24 Getting contact details

1 Opening a session

2 Introducing yourself

3 Stating the title of the session

4 Stating the time limits

5 Asking people to switch off their mobile phones

6 Introducing a speaker

7 Asking a presenter to conclude a presentation

8 Stopping a presentation

9 Thanking a speaker

10 Inviting questions immediately after the presentation

11 Inviting more questions midway through the Q and A session

12 Nominating questioners

13 Controlling difficult situations

14 Helping a presenter who cannot answer a question

15 Asking a questioner to speak more loudly

16 Stopping questions that are too long

17 Stopping answers that are too long

18 When there is little or no time for Q and A

19 Questions from the chairperson

20 When there are no more questions

21 Moving on to the next presentation

22 Announcing cancellations

23 Closing a session

24 Giving announcements

1 Opening a banquet

2 Making general comments

3 Introducing people

4 Inviting someone to come to the front and speak

5 Thanking a speaker

6 Thanking people who have helped with the conference

7 Proposing a toast

8 Asking someone to propose a toast

9 Giving announcements

10 Closing a banquet

1 Reporting back

2 Summarizing

3 Reporting what other people said

4 Talking about points in sequence

5 Giving your own opinion

6 Stalling

7 Concluding

Presentation notes

I Preparing for a presentation

II Jokes and apologies

III Preparing for questions

IV The first couple of minutes are crucial

V Verbs in presentations

VI Attend guest lectures whenever possible

VII Should I read or speak from notes?

VIII Improve your listening skills

IX Don't forget the's'!

X Join a class or form a presenters' group

XI Pronouns in presentations；It，I，We，You